A Real-Time Groundwater Level Monitoring System Based on WSN, Taiz, Yemen Asma'a Khalil Alkershi (1) Ziad Saif Alrobieh (2) Reayidh Abdullah Ahmed(3)

Abstract

        Rise in the population, climate instability, and unregulated groundwater mining threaten the preservation of aquifers worldwide. Effective and data-driven control of groundwater supply is essential for sustaining critical water-dependent functions. Recently, the water crisis in Yemen has become a problem threatening the lives of many residents. This is due to the manager's lack of cost-effective, scalable, and reliable groundwater monitoring systems needed to gather vital groundwater data. In this study, we developed a fully automated real-time groundwater level system for data collection and visualization based on wireless sensor network (WSN). The study was applied in Taiz City, Yemen. The steps used to develop the system, including dividing the study area into different zones, and each zone uses a local base-station to collect the data from the sensors deployed in the same zone. All local base-station send the data to the master base station located remotely. The master bases station collects the data and sends it to the web-servers that are used to save and visualize the data permanently. The proposed system was designed and evaluated using the Castalia Omnet++ simulator and the system performance investigated based on network bandwidth (number of packets sent) and the sensors' power consumption. As expected, the results show that using local base station reduces the number of packets sent to the remote master station, this help extending the life of the water level sensors used.