اسم الباحث :
Ruqaih Hussein Salman Ibrahim Ahmed Al-Baltah
Abstract Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a system that contains a large number of sensors, which are used for sensing, processing data and then sent it to the base station through wireless communication systems. It is characterized by many restrictions such as energy, storage and transmission range. The main constraint in WSN is energy. Due to the distributed nature and distributed topology of WSN, there are very special requirements in the routing protocols, which are the most important features of energy efficiency and prolong the life of the network. Hierarchical routing protocols, which are a subset of the network structure, are one of the most common protocols of energy efficiency, because they work to balance the load between all network nodes. It relies on the strategy of dividing the network into inter and intra communication levels. However many research has not focused on work to improve efficiency communication at both levels and at the same system. This paper is to propose hybrid approach from hierarchical routing protocols to improve energy efficiency at both intra and inter levels at the same system. The design of the propose approach is aware of energy consumption in order to enhance the life span of the network. Keywords: WSN, Hierarchical routing protocol, PEGASIS, Multi-hop routing protocol We have witnessed some unexpected incidents during the past decade. One of the these, 2nd August 2007 ,the collapse of the Mississippi River Bridge in Minnesota, Which led to the killing of 9 people and that caused the weather or war and others [1]. Another accident 19 fighters died due to a temperature rise and suffocation in California on July 2, 2013 [2]. If the required information is available such as forecasting temperature, weather, etc., this will result in taking timely measures and avoiding such catastrophe. With the advent of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), technology [3] [4], it has facilitated the development of small, low-cost, multi-functional wireless sensors to monitor the surrounding environment. Perform the processing of data that has been sensed and take decisions to carry out the appropriate procedures [5][6]. WSN is a network that consists of unspecified number of node, and may have tens, hundreds or thousands of nodes scattered, which are used to monitor the surrounding environment [7]. With the advent of low power consumption, self-regulation and low cost, it brought a great revolution in the timely availability of information [8]. Each node sensor senses, collects, processes data and spreads them to applications WSN has a variety of applications in various fields, for example: medical, agricultural and military applications. Moreover, pre-disaster forecasting applications such as firefighting, hurricanes and earthquakes, may be used for academic purposes, rocket targets, etc. [9]. Self-organization of sensor nodes within the network enables nodes to communicate with one another. Special self-regulating brochures have been developed to improve energy efficiency to prolong network life [10] [11] [12]. As it is shown in figure 1, each node consists of four components alone, the sensor module, the transmitter and receiver unit, and the unit power. A sensor is a very small node that senses data of all kinds of sound, kinetic, seismic. Meanwhile, this data should be processed to make a decision in order to trigger the appropriate procedures [14] [15] [16]. It is worthy to point out that, sensor node is limited in energy, which is considered to be the critical issue in the distributed systems environment. When the data is collected and redirected to the sink and then to the BS consume large amounts of energy. On the other hand, transmission and reception processes within the network consume more energy which is higher than that of any other operation [12] [17] [18].
سنة النشر :
2017
ملخص البحث :
